Quick answer
Blender 3D modeling lets users build and edit objects from vertices, edges and faces. Beginners usually start with mesh editing and simple modifiers, then move into sculpting, topology, UVs and production-ready workflows.
Mesh editing
Mesh editing is the foundation of Blender modeling. Move, scale, rotate, extrude, bevel, loop cut and inset are the basic operations used to build most 3D objects.
Modifiers
Modifiers make modeling faster and more flexible. Mirror, bevel, subdivision surface and array are useful early tools because they keep models editable while improving shape and structure.
Sculpting and topology
Sculpting helps create organic forms, while clean topology keeps models easier to animate, smooth, export and refine later.